Abstract Background Shared facilities are not recognised as improved sanitation due to challenges of maintenance as they easily can be avenues for the spread of diseases.Thus there is need to evaluate the quality of shared facilities, especially in informal settlements, where they are commonly used.A shared facility can be equated to a common good
Numerous engineering systems gradually deteriorate due to internal stress caused by the working load.The system deterioration process is directly related to the workload, providing opportunities for decision-makers to manage system deterioration by modifying the workload.As one of the most effective ways to control system malfunction risk, mission
Expansive soils, such as black cotton soils, are characterized by their pronounced vulnerability to swelling and shrinking caused by fluctuations in moisture levels.Such activity gives rise to worries over the longevity of constructions constructed on such soils, as they frequently undergo substantial expansion and Elbow Pads contraction.Road surfa
It is well known that the international logistics and supply chains are subject to the domination of seaports and shipping lines each with increasingly significant market power.This implies that international supply chains, which typically involves sea transport as a key chain segment, could be subject to the double marginalisation problem.This mea
ABSTRACT Bats are well-recognized reservoirs of zoonotic viruses.Several spillover events from bats to humans have been reported, causing ACAI severe epidemic or endemic diseases including severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV), henipaviruses, and filoviruses.In this s